Label identical functions identically everywhere
G197 says that components doing the same job across a set of pages carry the same label. W3C's test uses the word identical, not similar, so 'Download' and 'Get file' for the same function is a failure even though both are clear. That includes what assistive technology receives, so the visible text, the accessible name and any icon's alternative all have to agree. This is a sufficient technique for 3.2.4 Consistent Identification at Level AA, and it is the only one W3C documents for that rule. Anything else you do is your own invention. Scope is worth reading. The criterion applies to a set of web pages, and W3C recommends extending consistent labeling across the whole site as good practice rather than as a requirement.
How we find it in an audit
Our reviewers build an inventory of repeated functions across templates, then compare the labels. Search, download, print, share, contact and add-to-cart are the usual offenders, and portals and checkouts are where the drift happens, because they were often built by different teams at different times. Icon-only versions get checked against their text-labeled twins.
How affected users experience it
Learning an interface takes effort, and consistency is what makes that effort pay off. A reader with a cognitive disability who learns that 'Download' gets them the file should not have to relearn it as 'Get file' in the support section. Screen reader users pay a version of the same cost, because they identify controls by name rather than by position, so a renamed control is a new control to them.
Passes vs. fails
Passes
Every page uses 'Download', with the visible label, the accessible name and the icon alternative all matching, so one learned word works site-wide.
Fails
The same download function is labeled 'Download' on product pages, 'Get file' in support, and appears as an unlabeled icon in the portal.
Other ways to satisfy this rule
2 guides on this site are filed under 3.2.4 Consistent Identification. W3C lists this one as sufficient for that rule on its own. Implement it correctly, in a way your readers' software actually supports, and the rule is met.
This guide is our interpretation of W3C technique G197: Using labels, names, and text alternatives consistently for content that has the same functionality. W3C publishes its techniques as guidance rather than as the standard, and says so on every one of them. The success criterion is what conformance is measured against, and a technique is one documented way to meet it.